Read this if you are a controller, accountant, or grant manager, or a CEO or CFO involved in HRSA grant management at a health center or nonprofit.
Time and effort reporting is more than a routine administrative task—it’s a key control to ensure that payrolls charged to federally funded grants are allowable and properly supported. Because it is a high-risk area for HRSA grantees—and a frequent audit finding—strong documentation is critical to reducing compliance exposure and administrative burden. This article breaks down what time and effort reporting is, why the urgency has increased, and what health centers can do to strengthen practices and lower risks.
What is time and effort reporting?
Time and effort reporting is the process by which federal grant recipients track time worked under their various grant programs. Any employee working on a federally funded project is required to document the time they spend on work related to the project. The tracking performed by the organization provides assurance that an employee's work allocated to the specified grants aligns with the terms and conditions of the award. Estimates are not allowed—only hours worked—and the work must comply with the allowable cost principles required for the grant recipient and in-scope services.
How tracking time and effort typically works
There are two common approaches to tracking time and effort:
-
Charging 100% of an employee’s time to a grant with periodic attestation
This is the easiest and most common method for tracking. On a regular basis (typically monthly), the employee signs an attestation form that they have spent this time on allowable activities under the scope of a grant.
This approach comes with an important caveat: tracking earnings up to the Federal Executive Level II wage cap. This wage cap is the maximum annual salary a federally paid employee can earn, currently set at $220,700 for calendar year 2026. If an employee’s gross wages exceed the executive-level compensation threshold and they charge 100% of their time to a federally funded grant, the organization must implement additional safeguards. These safeguards are to ensure the portion of compensation above the threshold is covered by operations. This process should be performed by pay period, which ensures that if an employee charged to the grant is terminated, their wages charged are within the allowable threshold. Some payroll and time entry systems can accommodate this process. However, it is more widely adopted via Excel spreadsheets.
-
Specific identification of time across grants through detailed time-entry coding that must be reviewed and approved
This more complex mechanism for tracking is commonly used by health centers with multiple federal grants and requires the employee to code their time by federally funded project. The executive-level threshold still applies under this methodology and becomes more cumbersome as the threshold must be reduced by the employee allocation to each grant. For example, if the employee's time for a period is 50% charged to a grant, the threshold is also reduced to 50%.
Why time and effort reporting is critical now
Documenting time and effort for work tied to a federal grant is a core compliance control linked to federal allowable cost requirements. To mitigate compliance risk, federal agencies are applying heightened oversight of grant funding in efforts to detect fraud and misuse. With this increased government scrutiny of federally funded projects, it’s imperative that health centers and nonprofits remain audit ready—and that means implementing stronger internal controls and verification of work performed.
In the event of an audit, an organization will be required to provide underlying details relating to the purpose of drawdowns initiated within payment management systems (PMS). If a federal grantee is found not to be in compliance with time and effort, it could lead to penalties requiring repayment of federal funds. Audit findings lead to operational disruption and administrative effort that increase the pressure on already overextended and understaffed health centers.
Best practices for time and effort reporting
Create audit-ready habits to reduce risks of monetary penalties and avoid last-minute administrative scrambles to compile documentation.
1) Use 100% charging and monthly attestation when possible.
When roles are clearly within the scope of the grant and allowable, a 100% allocation with monthly attestation can be the simplest, strongest approach.
2) If time is split, detailed time tracking is imperative.
Partial work time allocations must be supported by detailed time entry and routine supervisor approval to validate accuracy.
3) Build controls around the executive compensation threshold.
Organizations should actively monitor the cap (and its annual changes) and ensure charges are reduced or allocated correctly to remain under the threshold—especially for higher-paid providers and any staff not 100% on the grant.
4) Make audit readiness a priority.
Retain and keep attestations forms, time records, approvals, and reconciliations readily available upon request.
5) Plan for turnover and continuity in funded positions.
When a funded provider leaves, controls should ensure the grant-charged role continues to be documented correctly as a position (not just tied to one individual).
BerryDunn can help
BerryDunn’s team partners with a diverse range of healthcare and nonprofit organizations, including Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) and FQHC Look-Alikes (LALs), to enhance efficiency, improve patient outcomes, and strengthen community health systems. In a rapidly evolving regulatory environment, our healthcare compliance consultants help community health centers navigate complex compliance requirements, from grant and 340B program adherence to healthcare credentialing. With expert guidance, we help you mitigate risk, gain regulatory confidence, and enhance operational integrity. Learn more about our services and team.